Oil and gas are non-renewable energy sources that are formed from the remains of ancient marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These organic materials are buried deep underground and subjected to high pressure and temperature over time, leading to the formation of crude oil and natural gas.
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that is primarily composed of alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatics. It is found in rock formations known as source rocks, which are typically composed of shale, limestone, or sandstone. The oil is trapped within these rocks by an overlying layer of impermeable rock or cap rock.
Natural gas, on the other hand, is primarily composed of methane, with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane. It is found in the same types of source rocks as oil, but it can also be found in coal beds and tight sandstones.
Both oil and gas are extracted from the ground through drilling wells, either onshore or offshore. The extraction process involves pumping the oil or gas to the surface, where it is processed and refined for use as a fuel source.
In conclusion, oil and gas are formed from the remains of ancient marine plants and animals and are found in rock formations known as source rocks. They are non-renewable energy sources that are extracted through drilling wells and processed for use as a fuel source.