Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock that forms from the alteration of peridotite, a type of ultramafic rock found in the Earth's mantle. Serpentinite is characterized by its greenish color and the presence of serpentine minerals, such as chrysotile and antigorite.
The formation of serpentinite occurs as a result of alteration caused by water, which reacts with the minerals in peridotite and changes their chemical composition. This process is known as serpentinization and results in the formation of serpentine minerals and other hydrous minerals, such as talc, magnesite, and brucite.
Serpentinite is found in various tectonic settings, including ophiolite complexes and subduction zones, where peridotite has been uplifted to the Earth's surface. It is also commonly associated with regions of mantle uplift and metamorphism, such as those associated with collisional mountain belts.
Geologically, serpentinite is of interest because it provides information about the Earth's mantle and the processes that have taken place there. In addition, serpentinite is also an important rock type for geologists who study the evolution of plate tectonics, as it can provide evidence for the subduction and obduction of oceanic crust.
In some areas, serpentinite is also used as a decorative stone, as well as a source of asbestos, a naturally occurring fibrous mineral that is commonly used for insulation and fireproofing. However, exposure to asbestos fibers can cause serious health problems, so it is important to handle serpentinite with caution and use proper protective measures.